What is mixtures and how many type of mixtures?

Explanation about mixtures 

A mixture is a substance which consists of two or more element or compounds not chemically combined together. For example, air is a mixture of gases like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, humidity, etc. The various gases of the air are not chemically combined with one another. Similarly gunpowder is a mixture of potassium nitrate,whereas brass is a mixture of Copper and Zinc. All the solutions are mixtures. For example, salt solution is a mixture of of common salt and water. The various substances present in the mixture are known "as constituent of the mixture" or "components of the mixture". Some of the examples of mixture are : Air, Salt solution, Sugar solution, Kerosene oil, Ink, Petrol, Lime water, Coal, Soil, Blood, Soap solution, Iron and sulphur mixtures, etc.

    Copper sulphate solution is a homogeneous mixture 

Types of Mixtures 

Mixtures are of two types:

1. Homogeneous mixtures, and 

2. Heterogeneous mixtures.

     Those mixtures in which the substances are completely mixed together and are indistinguishable from one another, are called homogeneous mixtures. A homogeneous mixtures has uniform composition throughout its mass. A mixtures of two or more miscible liquids is also a homogeneous mixture. For example, a mixture of alcohol and water is homogeneous mixture. All the homogeneous mixtures  are called solutions. Some of the examples of homogeneous mixtures are : Sugar solution, Salt solution, Soda water, etc.

    Chalk and water mixture is a heterogeneous mixture

Those mixtures in which the substances remains separate and one substance is spread throughout the other substance as small particles, droplets or bubbles are called heterogeneous mixtures. Heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform composition throughout its mass. The suspension of solids in liquids are also heterogeneous mixture. For example, a suspension of chalk in water is a heterogeneous mixture. All the suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous mixtures. Some of the example of heterogeneous mixtures are : Sugar and Sand mixture, Polluted air, Gunpowder, Milk, Hair spray and many more.

Difference between mixtures and compounds

Mixtures 

1. A mixture can be separated into its constituents by the physical processes like filtration, evaporation, sublimation, magnet, etc.

2. A mixture shows the properties of its constituents.

3. A mixture does not have a fixed melting point, boiling point, etc.

4. The composition of a mixture is variable, the constituents can be present in any proportion by mass.

Compounds 

1. A compound does not be separated into its constituent by physical processes, it can be separated into its constituent by the chemical processes. 

2. The properties of a compound are entirely different from those of its constituents.

3. A compound has a fixed melting point, boiling point, etc.

4. The composition of compound is fixed, the constituents are present in fixed proportion by mass.